Why is soil biodiversity important for ecosystems?

• A. It helps regulate temperature in the soil
• B. It supports ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling
• C. It decreases water retention in soil
• D. It reduces the need for fertilizers

Answer: (B)

Soil biodiversity plays a crucial role in supporting ecosystem services, particularly nutrient cycling. This diversity encompasses a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, earthworms, and insects, all of which contribute to the breakdown of organic matter and the transformation of nutrients in the soil. These processes are fundamental because they enable the availability of essential nutrients for plants, which, in turn, supports broader food webs and overall ecosystem health. Biodiversity also enhances the resilience of ecosystems, allowing them to adapt to stresses such as climate change or pollution. By fostering a diverse community of soil organisms, soil biodiversity ensures that these essential services operate effectively, leading to more productive and stable ecosystems.