Which of the following indicates signs of soil degradation?

• A. Increased plant growth and runoff
• B. Decreased fertility and loss of vegetative cover
• C. Enhanced soil moisture retention
• D. Improved nutrient cycling

Answer: (B)

The chosen answer highlights key indicators of soil degradation. A decrease in soil fertility suggests that essential nutrients that support plant growth are being lost, which can occur due to factors like erosion, nutrient leaching, or unsustainable agricultural practices. Additionally, the loss of vegetative cover is a significant sign of degradation. Vegetative cover helps protect the soil from erosion, improves soil structure, and enhances biodiversity. When this cover is diminished, the soil becomes more vulnerable to erosion, further exacerbating degradation.

In contrast, increased plant growth and runoff typically suggest a healthy or improving ecosystem, while enhanced soil moisture retention and improved nutrient cycling are indicators of healthy soil conditions. These options do not align with the concept of soil degradation, reinforcing that the correct answer accurately represents a condition characterized by declining soil health and productivity.