Which of the following best describes soil sealing?

• A. The process of building up soil layers
• B. The loss of soil due to erosion
• C. The compaction of soil leading to impermeability
• D. The addition of organic matter to soil

Answer: (C)

Soil sealing refers specifically to the compaction of soil, which leads to reduced porosity and permeability. When soil is compacted, the spaces between the soil particles are minimized, making it difficult for air and water to penetrate. This can occur naturally through processes like the weight of heavy machinery or foot traffic, but it is often exacerbated by urban development and construction activities.

When soil becomes impermeable, it can lead to a range of issues, such as increased runoff, reduced water infiltration, and disrupted ecosystems. This is critical to understand, as impermeable surfaces can negatively impact groundwater recharge and contribute to flooding. The focus on compaction highlights its significance in soil health and functionality within the ecosystem.