What factor contributes to increased runoff in degraded soils?

• A. Improved soil structure
• B. Increased vegetation
• C. Decreased fertility and loss of cover
• D. Enhanced water retention

Answer: (C)

Increased runoff in degraded soils is significantly influenced by decreased fertility and loss of cover. When soil is degraded, it often experiences erosion and a decline in organic matter, which diminishes its ability to absorb water. This leads to a compacted soil structure that cannot effectively retain moisture. The lack of vegetation cover exacerbates the problem, as plants play a critical role in intercepting rainfall, reducing the speed of surface water movement, and promoting infiltration. Consequently, with less cover and fertility, water flows over the surface more rapidly rather than being absorbed, resulting in higher runoff rates. The interaction of these factors essentially means that degraded soils, characterized by their inability to maintain plant life and structure, contribute significantly to increased runoff.