What can excessive runoff caused by poor contouring lead to?

• A. Increased nutrient retention
• B. Declining soil health
• C. Enhanced crop diversity
• D. Abundant plant growth

Answer: (B)

Excessive runoff caused by poor contouring can lead to declining soil health for several reasons. First, when water runs off rather than being absorbed into the soil, it can carry away topsoil and essential nutrients that are vital for plant growth. This loss of topsoil can weaken the soil structure, making it less fertile and reducing its ability to retain moisture. Additionally, the nutrients that are washed away contribute to a decrease in soil productivity, leading to poorer crop yields over time.

Moreover, excessive runoff can also increase the risk of erosion, further degrading the soil's quality. The combination of nutrient loss, decreased moisture retention, and erosion contributes to a cycle of declining soil health, ultimately impacting agricultural sustainability and productivity.